樓板(ban)切割(ge)拆除的方(fang)法(fa)與具體(ti)施工(gong)方(fang)法(fa)

一、工程概況

某單位一車間原(yuan)有整體鋼混(hun)結構車間因(yin)(yin)產品(pin)更新等原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)無(wu)法再用(yong)，必須將其拆除重(zhong)建，該車間長度為55m，寬度為37m，原(yuan)樓(lou)板厚12cm現澆混(hun)凝土平板，要求切割拆除，作業時間不超過60天。

二、方案制定

考慮到整個拆除工程的可行性、安全性及經濟性，整個拆除工程可分成兩個步驟進行，首先將整個車間的所有房屋及樓板拆除，然后進行現場清理，再將(jiang)保留部(bu)分的(de)地面(mian)基礎和兩棟獨(du)立基礎磚混結構的(de)房子(zi)拆除(chu)。以(yi)下是各拆除(chu)步驟中(zhong)關鍵工序的(de)具(ju)體方案制定。

1. 拆除前的準備工作

(1)現場勘(kan)查，了解拆除對象的結構類(lei)型(xing)、基礎類(lei)型(xing)、周圍環境(jing)等。

(2)根(gen)據現場(chang)實際情況，制定(ding)施(shi)工方案和(he)安全(quan)技術措施(shi)。

(3)編寫開工報告和技術交(jiao)底(di)，填(tian)寫工程施工動用明等相關文(wen)件(jian)。

(4)設備(bei)進場準(zhun)備(bei)就緒。

(5)臨時設施(shi)建設完(wan)善就緒。

(6)拆前照相并作好記錄。

(7)分部分項工程的拆前檢查及(ji)結構安(an)全評定驗(yan)收資料。

1. 施工方案制定：原(yuan)車間地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)原(yuan)有面(mian)(mian)層自拆前基礎面(mian)(mian)至頂層平整(zheng)度相(xiang)差太大（施工缺(que)陷(xian)）用(yong)大功率打磨機配合不同(tong)片數的(de)切(qie)割鋸(ju)配鋼筋剪(jian)除(chu)(chu)分(fen)層剔鑿剔除(chu)(chu)用(yong)膨(peng)脹栓子(zi)切(qie)斷梁下地(di)(di)(di)楞混凝土配筋加強同(tong)時(shi)以(yi)架體護墻(qiang)及木板封(feng)閉拆除(chu)(chu)墻(qiang)體嚴禁拋擲地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)（落地(di)(di)(di)灰）鋼筋按規范要(yao)求(qiu)鑿除(chu)(chu)至梁下設計(ji)標高后(hou)加設臨(lin)時(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)撐卸荷同(tong)時(shi)加強臨(lin)時(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)撐維(wei)護以(yi)確(que)保安全所有構件(jian)均(jun)按要(yao)求(qiu)分(fen)類堆放嚴禁雜亂無章堆放確(que)保現(xian)場文明施工同(tong)時(shi)根據現(xian)場實際分(fen)段(duan)流水作業(ye)，分(fen)區分(fen)項負責(ze)切(qie)割拆除(chu)(chu)任務，加強協調配合確(que)保整(zheng)個拆除(chu)(chu)工程的(de)順(shun)利(li)進行。

2. 拆(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)除施工(gong)順序：自一端向另(ling)一端按先上后下逐層拆(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)除。首先對房(fang)屋四周散水坡、明(ming)溝等部(bu)位(wei)先進(jin)行拆(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)除；再(zai)拆(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)房(fang)屋周邊檐口以(yi)上部(bu)分(fen)(fen)；最后拆(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)屋面(mian)板；板底以(yi)下部(bu)分(fen)(fen)自卸(xie)至(zhi)指(zhi)定地(di)點。對于保留(liu)的獨立基礎和地(di)梁上的墻(qiang)體(ti)采用(yong)人工(gong)風鎬鑿除的方法(fa)進(jin)行。墻(qiang)體(ti)拆(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)除所使用(yong)的工(gong)具為(wei)小型手風鉆和風鎬，樓板拆(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)除所使用(yong)的工(gong)具為(wei)大(da)功(gong)率空壓機。

三、樓(lou)板(ban)切割拆除(chu)的(de)具體施工方法：

1. 準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)：首先對(dui)(dui)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、操作(zuo)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、機具(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)技(ji)術(shu)交(jiao)底，對(dui)(dui)操作(zuo)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)文明(ming)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)教育(yu)，樹立良(liang)好(hao)的(de)形象(xiang)(xiang)意識，做(zuo)到“自控(kong)、互控(kong)、監控(kong)”，確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)拆除過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。其次對(dui)(dui)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、操作(zuo)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu)交(jiao)底，確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)拆除工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)順(shun)(shun)利進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。本(ben)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所有(you)垃圾隨時(shi)清(qing)理隨時(shi)外(wai)運，杜絕污染環境。木方(fang)、木板、鋼筋、水泥塊分類(lei)堆放并(bing)及時(shi)清(qing)運出場(chang)(chang)。每(mei)道工(gong)(gong)序施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前對(dui)(dui)拆除區(qu)照(zhao)明(ming)燈具(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)更換（確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)有(you)足夠的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)用電容量(liang)），并(bing)在(zai)作(zuo)業區(qu)設(she)(she)置醒目的(de)警戒標志(zhi)。清(qing)除各(ge)種障(zhang)礙物(wu)，同時(shi)有(you)專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)負責安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)并(bing)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)拆除工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)險(xian)無(wu)險(xian)無(wu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患(huan)才(cai)能準許進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)下一(yi)步施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。由于(yu)(yu)樓板上直(zhi)接堆放大量(liang)材料及人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)行(xing)(xing)走較多(duo)易產(chan)生高側(ce)壓易產(chan)生裂縫造成人(ren)(ren)(ren)為損壞原有(you)結構組織負責人(ren)(ren)(ren)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)到場(chang)(chang)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)整體的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)質量(liang)行(xing)(xing)為謹慎(shen)文明(ming)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)做(zuo)到輕拿(na)輕放避免人(ren)(ren)(ren)為破壞確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)文明(ming)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)無(wu)事故。同時(shi)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)無(wu)大面積松動及高側(ce)壓產(chan)生保(bao)(bao)(bao)證整個拆除工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)順(shun)(shun)利進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)并(bing)符合安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)質量(liang)要求(qiu)。空壓機等設(she)(she)備(bei)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前要全(quan)(quan)(quan)面檢查(cha)確(que)(que)認完好(hao)方(fang)可(ke)使用。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)每(mei)天(tian)要做(zuo)好(hao)拆除進(jin)(jin)度、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)情況并(bing)做(zuo)好(hao)記(ji)錄以便及時(shi)解決和安(an)(an)排后(hou)續工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)樓層四周臨時(shi)欄桿的(de)安(an)(an)裝必(bi)須用安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)網(wang)密目網(wang)封閉確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)整個施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)期間無(wu)高空墜物(wu)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)。

2. 樓板切割方法：根(gen)據本工(gong)程(cheng)特點采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)和(he)靜態(tai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)相結(jie)合的(de)方法施工(gong)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)大功(gong)率(lv)空壓(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)（待梁柱鋼(gang)筋混凝(ning)土(tu)完全凝(ning)結(jie)后(hou)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)）主要是考慮到既(ji)不(bu)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)期且又保證施工(gong)安全質量(liang)的(de)原則提(ti)高(gao)施工(gong)速(su)度提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)作效率(lv)減少(shao)對(dui)整個(ge)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)和(he)損壞同時也(ye)提(ti)高(gao)經濟效益。鋼(gang)筋混凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)收縮因(yin)溫度等(deng)原因(yin)可(ke)(ke)以忽(hu)(hu)略不(bu)計使用(yong)(yong)(yong)常(chang)規靜態(tai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)法或采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)氧炔焰(yan)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)樓板(ban)鋼(gang)筋的(de)重量(liang)為(wei)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)物的(de)重量(liang)很小(xiao)可(ke)(ke)以忽(hu)(hu)略不(bu)計不(bu)會(hui)產生(sheng)水平側壓(ya)力(li)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)樓板(ban)的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)性能也(ye)不(bu)會(hui)產生(sheng)裂縫(feng)等(deng)損壞現象(xiang)。對(dui)于鋼(gang)筋混凝(ning)土(tu)樓板(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)時一般將(jiang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)靜態(tai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)法（金(jin)剛(gang)石碟式鋸片）將(jiang)樓板(ban)切(qie)(qie)開一個(ge)V型槽(cao)后(hou)將(jiang)樓板(ban)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)成(cheng)單塊(kuai)或多塊(kuai)小(xiao)塊(kuai)進行吊運和(he)搬運利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)工(gong)鑿除或機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)破(po)碎法進行清理